Brief Personal Histories of Appointees Listed Alphabetically

Brief Personal Histories of Appointees Listed Alphabetically

MADELEINE K. ALBRIGHT (D)
Secretary of State, 1997-2001; United Nations Ambassador, 1993-97¹
Albright is the first woman to serve as secretary of state and the highest ranking woman in the U.S. government. Before her appointment to the State Department, she served as U.N. Ambassador from 1993 to 1997. Prior to her service in government, she was president of the Center for National Policy. She was also a research professor of International Affairs and the director of Women in Foreign Service at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service.

AIDA ALVAREZ (D)
Administrator, Small Business Administration, 1997-2001
Alvarez is the first Hispanic woman and the first person of Puerto Rican heritage to hold a position in a president’s cabinet. Prior to her appointment as administrator, Alvarez directed the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO). Before her service in Washington, DC, she was a Wall Street investment banker, television journalist and president of the largest municipal health care system — the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation.

ANNE ARMSTRONG (R)
Counselor to the President, 1973-74
Armstrong was a Republican Party activist, co-chairing the Republican National Committee from 1971 to 1973 and keynoting the party’s convention in 1972. As counselor to the President with cabinet rank, she established the Office for Women’s Programs

CHARLENE BARSHEFSKY (D)
U. S. Trade Representative, 1997-2001
Prior to her nomination as the U.S. Trade Representative, Barshefsky served as Acting U.S. Trade Representative since April 1996. She served as the Deputy U.S. Trade Representative from 1993 to 1996. Before coming to government service, she was a partner in a Washington, D.C. law firm specializing in international trade law and policy

CAROL M. BROWNER (D)
Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, 1993-2001
Prior to her appointment, she was secretary of the Florida State Department of Environmental Regulation. Browner previously served as legislative director for thenU.S. Senator Al Gore.

SYLVIA MATHEWS BURWELL (D)
Director, Office of Management and Budget, 2013-2014; Secretary of Health and Human Services, 2014-2017
Prior to her appointment, Burwell was president of the Walmart Foundation. Earlier, she served as president of the Global Development Program of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. From 1998 to 2001, Burwell was deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget.

JOVITA CARRANZA (R)
Administrator, Small Business Administration 2020-present
Prior to her nomination, Carranza served at Treasurer of the United States under President Donald J. Trump. In the Bush Administration, she served as the Deputy Administrator for the SBA. She also worked for thirty years at the United Parcel Service (UPS).

ELAINE CHAO (R)
Secretary of Labor, 2001-2009; Secretary of Transportation 2017-21
Chao is the first Asian-American woman to serve in a presidential cabinet. Prior to her appointment to the Trump administration, she was a Distinguished Fellow at the Hudson Institute. Prior to her appointment in the Bush administration, she was senior editor and distinguished fellow at the Heritage Foundation. She has been both president of the United Way and director of the Peace Corps. During the first Bush administration, Chao was deputy secretary of the Department of Transportation. During the latter part of the Reagan administration, she served as deputy administrator of the Federal Maritime Administration.

HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON (D)
Secretary of State, 2009-2013
Prior to her appointment, Clinton was U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2008. She was a presidential candidate in 2008 and was first lady from 1993 to 2000. Prior to her governmental service, she was a partner in an Arkansas law firm from 1979 to 1992.

MARIA CONTRERAS-SWEET (D)
Administrator, Small Business Administration, 2014-2017
Prior to her appointment, Contreras-Sweet served as secretary of California’s Business, Transportation and Housing Agency from 1999 to 2003.

BETSY DEVOS (R)
Secretary of Education 2017 – 21
An activist for school choice, DeVos chaired the Michigan Republican party, the American Federation for Children, and the Windquest Group. She has also served on national and local civic and charitable boards.

ELIZABETH HANFORD DOLE (R)
Secretary of Transportation, 1983-87; Secretary of Labor, 1989-90
An attorney, Dole served as a White House aide in the Johnson and Reagan administrations and was appointed by President Nixon to the Federal Trade Commission. She left her Reagan administration cabinet post to work for the presidential campaign of her husband, Kansas Senator Robert Dole. She was appointed Secretary of Labor by President Bush.

BARBARA H. FRANKLIN (R)
Secretary of Commerce, 1992-93
Franklin was one of the first women to graduate from Harvard Business School. As an international trade and governmental management expert, Franklin held several non-cabinet-level appointed positions during the Nixon and Reagan administrations prior to her appointment as Secretary of Commerce by President Bush.

MARCIA FUDGE (D)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, 2021-2024
Prior to her appointment, Fudge served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio’s 11th congressional district (2008-2021). She also served as the first woman and first Black Mayor of Warrensville Heights, Ohio (2000-2008). Before becoming an elected officeholder, Fudge worked in various roles for Cuyahoga County. In 2016, she served as Chair of the Democratic National Convention. Fudge earned her law degree from Cleveland State University Cleveland-Marshall School of Law.

JENNIFER GRANHOLM (D)
Secretary of Energy, 2021-present
Prior to her appointment, Granholm served as the Governor (2003- 2011) and Attorney General (1999-2003) of Michigan, the first woman to hold both of those positions. She also served on the transition team for President Barack Obama before he took office in January 2009. Granholm was also Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan and was appointed to the Wayne County (Michigan) Corporation Counsel prior to being elected as the state’s Attorney General. After leaving the governor’s office, Granholm taught at University of California at Berkeley, hosted a television show, and held various roles in Democratic political organizations.

ISABEL GUZMAN (D)
Administrator, Small Business Administration, 2021-present
Prior to her appointment, Guzman served as Director of Office of the Small Business Advocate for the state of California (2019-2021). She previously served as Deputy Chief of Staff and Senior Advisor to the Administrator of the Small Business Administration under President Obama (2014-2017). Guzman’s work prior to serving in the Small Business Administration has been focused on business management, development, and strategy.

DEBRA HAALAND (D)
Secretary of the Interior, 2021-present
Haaland is the first Native American person to serve in a presidential cabinet. Prior to her appointment, she represented New Mexico’s 1st Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives (2019-2021). She was one of the first two Native American women to serve in the U.S. Congress. Before being elected to office, Haaland served as Chair of the New Mexico Democratic Party. She earned her law degree from the University of New Mexico Law School. Haaland is an enrolled member of the Pueblo of Laguna, and also has Jemez Pueblo heritage.

AVRIL HAINES (D)
Director of National Intelligence, 2021-present
Haines was the first woman to be appointed Director of National Intelligence. Haines is an attorney who prior to her appointment served as Deputy National Security Advisor and Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Obama administration.

NIKKI HALEY (R) 
United Nations Ambassador, 2017-2019
Prior to her appointment, Haley was governor of South Carolina, elected in 2010 and re-elected in 2014. She also served in the South Carolina House of Representatives. One of two women of color who were first to serve as governors of states, Haley is the first Indian-American woman appointed to a presidential cabinet level position. She earned her degree in accounting.

KAMALA HARRIS (D)
Vice President, 2021-present
Harris is the first woman to hold the office of Vice President, an office historically included in the Cabinet. She is also the first woman of color to hold this position as she identifies as both black and South Asian. Previously, Harris was elected Senator from the state of California as well as Attorney General.

GINA HASPEL (R)
Director, Central Intelligence Agency, 2018-present
Haspel was the first woman to be appointed Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Previously, Haspel had been a member of the Central Intelligence Agency since 1985 and was appointed Deputy Director in 2017.

PATRICIA ROBERTS HARRIS (D)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, 1977-79; Secretary of Health and Human Services 1979-81
Harris was the first black woman to serve in a presidential cabinet and the first woman to hold two different cabinet posts. An attorney and longtime Democratic party activist, she had taught law, served on corporate boards, and served as Ambassador to Luxembourg under President Johnson.

MARGARET HECKLER (R)
Secretary of Health and Human Services, 1983-85
Heckler was a member of Congress (1967-83) representing suburban Boston and lost a re-election bid when redistricting forced her to run against another incumbent Congressman. Her cabinet service ended when President Reagan appointed her Ambassador to Ireland.

ALEXIS M. HERMAN (D)
Secretary of Labor, 1997-2001
Prior to her appointment to the Department of Labor, Herman served as assistant to President Clinton and director of the White House public liaison office. In the Carter Administration, she served as director of the Women’s Bureau at the Department of Labor. Before joining the Clinton White House, she was founder and president of A.M. Herman & Associates, where she advised state and local governments.

CARLA ANDERSON HILLS (R)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, 1975-77; Special Trade Representative, 1989- 1993
An attorney, she served as assistant attorney general in the Ford administration before her appointment as Housing and Urban Development secretary. Prior to her appointment to the Bush administration, she chaired the board of the Urban Institute while practicing law in Washington.

OVETA CULP HOBBY (R)
Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, 1953-55
Hobby was named head of the Federal Security Administration; when that agency became part of the newly-established Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), she became the first Secretary of HEW. She had been a colonel in the Women's Army Corps during World War II and had served as president of the Texas League of Women Voters.

SHIRLEY MOUNT HUFSTEDLER (D)
Secretary of Education, 1979-81
An attorney, Hufstedler was the first person to head the newly-created Department of Education. She had been a federal judge on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and returned to practicing law when the Carter administration ended.

LISA JACKSON (D)
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 2009-2013
Jackson served as chief of staff to New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine briefly at the end of 2008. She was commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection from 2006 to 2008, after working there since 2002. Prior to that she had spent 16 years with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

SALLY JEWELL (D)
Secretary of Interior, 2013-2017
In 1996, after working in the banking industry for twenty years, Jewell © COPYRIGHT 2021 Center for American Women and Politic, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University 2/28/2023 joined the board of REI; she was named chief operating officer in 2000, and became CEO in 2005. Jewell has served on the boards of Premera, the National Parks Conservation Association, and the University of Washington Board of Regents. Prior to her appointment, Jewell received the National Audubon Society's Rachel Carson Award for her leadership in and dedication to conservation.

JEANE J. KIRKPATRICK (R)
United Nations Ambassador, 1981-85
A political scientist, Kirkpatrick taught at Georgetown University before joining the Reagan administration. A Democrat at the time of her appointment, she later switched parties. She wrote one of the earliest books about women and politics, Political Woman, based on information gathered at CAWP's first Conference for Women State Legislators.

JUANITA KREPS (D)
Secretary of Commerce, 1977-79
Kreps was the first economist to serve as Secretary of Commerce. She had been a professor and vice president at Duke University and had served on several corporate boards and on the board of the New York Stock Exchange prior to her appointment by President Carter.

JANICE R. LACHANCE (D)
Director, Office of Personnel Management, 1997-2001
Prior to her appointment to the Office of Personnel Management, Lachance served as OPM’s director of Communication. An attorney, she has served as director of communications and political affairs for the American Federation of Government Employees (AFLCIO); served as communications director in the office of Senator Tom Daschle; administrative assistant to Congresswoman Katie Hall. She was also part of the Clinton-Gore transition team.

LORETTA LYNCH (D) 
Attorney General, 2015-2017
Lynch was appointed by President Clinton as U.S. Attorney for Eastern District of New York. She served as a board member of the Federal Reserve Board.

LYNN MORLEY MARTIN (R)
Secretary of Labor, 1991-93
Martin represented northwestern Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981to 1991. She was the first woman to achieve an elective leadership post in the House, vice chair of the House Republican Conference. Prior to serving in the House she had served on the Winnebago County board and in both houses of the Illinois State Legislature. Martin lost a bid for a U.S. Senate seat in 1990.

GINA MCCARTHY (R)
Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, 2013-2017
Prior to her appointment, McCarthy served as the assistant administrator for the Office of Air and Radiation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. From 2004 to 2009 she was commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. McCarthy served as an environmental advisor to five Massachusetts governors.

ANN DORE MCLAUGHLIN (R)
Secretary of Labor, 1987-89
McLaughlin worked in a variety of communications-related posts within and outside the government before becoming a cabinet member. She held two sub-cabinet posts in the Reagan administration: Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Public Affairs and Undersecretary of Interior.

LINDA MCMAHON (R)
Administrator, Small Business Administration 2017-2019
McMahon is the co-founder and former CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, and has been an adviser to global businesses. She served on the Connecticut Board of Education and on the boards of Sacred Heart University and the Close Up Foundation. She ran for the U.S. Senate seat in Connecticut in 2010 and 2012, losing both times.

KAREN G. MILLS (D)
Administrator, Small Business Administration, 2012-2013
Initially appointed in 2009; SBA was later elevated to cabinet-level status. She served as chair of the Maine Council on Competitiveness and the Economy.

JANET NAPOLITANO (D)
Secretary of Homeland Security, 2009-2013
Prior to her appointment, Napolitano served as governor of Arizona. She was Arizona's elected attorney general from 1998 to 2002. Prior to that she served as U.S. Attorney and as a federal prosecutor.

KIRSTJEN NIELSEN (R)
Secretary of Homeland Security, 2017-2019
Nielsen was assistant to the president and principal deputy chief of staff under John Kelly in the Trump administration. Earlier, she served as chief of staff to Kelly when he was DHS secretary. A cybersecurity expert, she worked at DHS during the George W. Bush administration and established a consulting firm, Sunesis Consulting.

GALE NORTON (R)
Secretary of the Interior, 2001-2006
Norton is the first woman to serve as Secretary of the Interior. Prior to her appointment, she was the first woman to be elected Colorado’s attorney general, where she served for two full terms. She is the founder of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy. In 1996, she made an unsuccessful bid for a U.S. Senate seat. During the Reagan administration, she worked for two years for the Department of the Interior. As an attorney, she began her legal career at the Mountain States Legal Foundation.

HAZEL O’LEARY (D)
Secretary of Energy, 1993-1997
Prior to her appointment, O’Leary was the executive vice president of Northern States Power in Minneapolis, Minnesota. O’Leary also served as a senior energy policy advisor in the Carter and Ford administrations.

FRANCES PERKINS (D)
Secretary of Labor, 1933-1945
Perkins, the first woman to serve in a president's cabinet, had a long background of labor-related public service, including serving as Industrial Commissioner in New York State, before coming to Washington. She was one of only two people to remain in the cabinet throughout Roosevelt's presidency, helping to draft and implement much of the New Deal legislation. She remained in office briefly after Roosevelt's death and later became a member of the Civil Service Commission under President Truman.

MARY E. PETERS (R)
Secretary of Transportation, 2006-2009
Prior to her appointment, Peters was national director for transportation policy and consulting at HDR, Inc. President G. W. Bush appointed her administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, where she served from 2001 to 2005. From 1998 to 2001, she was director of the Arizona Department of Transportation.

SAMANTHA POWER (D)
Ambassador to the United Nations, 2013-2017
Power was a senior adviser to Senator Barack Obama early in his presidential campaign. She joined Obama's State Department transition team in November 2008, and was named Special Assistant to President Obama and Senior Director for Multilateral Affairs and Human Rights on the National Security Council. From 1998-2002, Power was a professor at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government and the founding executive director of the Kennedy School's Carr Center for Human Rights Policy.

ARATI PRABHAKAR (D)
Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, 2022-Present
Prabhakar served as director the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a Senate-confirmed position, from 1993 to 1997. She was the first woman to hold that role. From 2012 to 2017, she served as director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Between her governmental leadership roles, Prabhakar spent 15 years in Silicon Valley as a company executive and venture capitalist in science and technology. She earned her Ph.D. in applied physics from the California Institute of Technology.

PENNY PRITZKER (D)
Secretary of Commerce, 2013-2017
Prior to her appointment, Pritzker served on the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board and was appointed to the President's Council for Jobs and Competitiveness. She was the founder, chairman and CEO of PSP Capital Partners and Pritzker Reality Group, as well as co-founder and chairman of Artemis Real Estate Partners.

GINA RAIMONDO (D)
Secretary of Commerce, 2021-Present
Prior to her appointment, Raimondo served as Governor of Rhode Island (2015-2021). She also served as Rhode Island’s General Treasurer from 2011 to 2015. Before her time in public service, Raimondo served in leadership at multiple venture capital firms. She earned her J.D. from Yale Law School in 1998 and served as a federal court law clerk upon graduating.

JANET RENO (D)
Attorney General, 1993-2001
As the first woman to serve as attorney general, Reno heads the Justice Department. Prior to her appointment, she served as the state prosecutor of Dade County, Florida. Reno previously was an associate and partner in several law firms, worked for the state prosecutor’s office, and was a staff director to the Florida House of Representatives Judiciary Committee.

CONDOLEEZZA RICE (R)
Secretary of State, 2005-2009
Prior to being appointed Secretary of State, Rice served as national security advisor from 2001 to 2005. Before that, she was a tenured professor at Stanford University. In 1993, she became the first woman and African American to be appointed provost of Stanford, a post in which she served for six years. During the first Bush administration, she rose from director to senior director for the National Security Council on Soviet and East European Affairs. She began her academic career as a fellow in the arms control and disarmament program at Stanford.

SUSAN E. RICE (D)
Ambassador to the United Nations, 2009-2013
Rice served as a senior policy analyst to the Obama-Biden campaign. She served in the Clinton administration in various capacities: at the National Security Council from 1993 to 1997; as director for International Organizations and Peacekeeping from 1993 to 1995; and as special assistant to the President and Senior Director for African Affairs from 1995 to 1997. She served as a foreign policy aide to Michael Dukakis during his 1988 presidential campaign. In the early 1990's she was a consultant for the global management consulting firm of McKinsey and Company. She left the U.N. post to become President Clinton’s national security adviser.

ALICE RIVLIN (D)
Director, Office of Management and Budget, 1994-96
Prior to her appointment as director, Rivlin was its deputy director since 1993. She was the founding director of the Congressional Budget Office. She served as a Senior Fellow and Director of Economic Studies at the Brookings Institution. Rivlin also served as Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation at the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

CHRISTINA D. ROMER (D)
Chair, Council of Economic Advisers, 2009-2010
Romer, an economic historian, taught at University of California, Berkeley since 1988, and became a full professor in 1993. She taught at Princeton University from 1985 to 1988. In addition, she was co-director of the Program in Monetary Economics at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a former vice president of the American Economic Association.

CECILIA ROUSE (D)
Chair, Council of Economic Advisers, 2021-2023
Rouse is the first Black woman to serve as Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. She previously served as a member of the Council of Economic Advisors under President Obama (2009-2011) and as a member of the National Economic Council under President Clinton (1998-1999). Prior to joining the Biden administration, she served as Dean of the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs and the Lawrence and Shirley Katzman and Lewis and Anna Ernst Professor in the Economics of Education. Rouse first joined the Princeton faculty in 1992. She earned her doctorate in economics from Harvard University.

SUSAN SCHWAB (R)
U. S. Trade Representative, 2006-2009
Prior to her appointment, Schwab was deputy U.S. trade representative. She served as president and CEO of the University System of Maryland Foundation, She has also worked in the private sector and as a congressional aide, and she served as dean of the University of Maryland School of Public Policy. She was assistant secretary of commerce and director general of the U.S. Foreign Commercial Service during the administration of President George H. W. Bush.

DONNA SHALALA (D)
Secretary of Health and Human Services, 1993-2001
Prior to joining the Clinton administration, Shalala was Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and a professor of political science. She served as assistant secretary for policy development in the Department of Housing and Urban Development during the Carter administration.

KATHLEEN SEBELIUS (D)
Secretary of Health and Human Services, 2009-2014
Prior to her appointment, Sebelius was governor of Kansas from 2003 to 2009. From 1995 to 2003, she served as Kansas insurance commissioner. She served in the Kansas House of Representatives from 1987 to 1994. She worked in the Kansas Department of Corrections and served on the Kansas Governmental Ethics Commission.

HILDA SOLIS (D)
Secretary of Labor, 2009-2013
Prior to her appointment, Solis was a U.S. Representative from California. From 1993 to 2001 she served first as a state assemblywoman and then as a state senator. She was an assistant in the White House Office of Hispanic Affairs under President Jimmy Carter and served as a budget analyst for federal office of Personnel Management in the Reagan administration.

MARGARET SPELLINGS (R)
Secretary of Education, 2005-2009
Prior to her appointment, Spellings was assistant to the President for domestic policy. Before her White House appointment, she worked for six years as Governor George W. Bush’s senior advisor with responsibility for education policy.

KATHERINE TAI (D)
U.S. Trade Representative, 2021-Present
Tai, who is Chinese-American, is the first woman of color to serve as U.S. Trade Representative. Prior to her appointment, Tai served as Chief Trade Counsel to the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means (2014-2021). She served in the U.S. Trade Representative’s Office of General Counsel from 2007 to 2014, where she became Chief Counsel for China trade enforcement. Tai received her law degree from Harvard University.

LINDA THOMAS-GREENFIELD (D) 
U.N. Ambassador, 2021-Present
Prior to her appointment, Thomas-Greenfield served as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs at the Department of State from 2013 to 2017. She first joined the foreign service in 1982 and went on to hold posts including Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration (2004– 2006), Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for African Affairs (2006-2008), Ambassador to Liberia (2008–2012), and Director General of the Foreign Service (2012-2013). Immediately prior to becoming U.N. Ambassador, she was a senior vice president at Albright Stonebridge Group in Washington, D.C.

LAURA D’ANDREA TYSON (D)
Chair, National Economic Council, 1995-1997
Prior to Tyson’s appointment, she was chair of the Council of Economic Advisors.7 Tyson was a professor of economics and business administration and director of the Institute of International Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.

ANN VENEMAN (R)
Secretary of Agriculture, 2001-2005
Veneman is the first woman to serve as Secretary of Agriculture. Prior to her appointment, she was the first woman to serve as Secretary of the California Department of Food and Agriculture. During the Bush administration, she was deputy secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the highest ranking woman ever at USDA. She also served as deputy undersecretary of agriculture for international affairs and commodity programs. During the Reagan administration, she was the associate administrator for the USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service. Before joining the Bush administration, she was a partner with the law firm Nossaman, Gunther, Knox & Elliot.

CHRISTINE TODD WHITMAN (R)
 Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, 2001-2003
Whitman was the first female former governor to serve in a presidential cabinet. Prior to being appointed, she was the first woman elected governor in New Jersey, where she served two terms. For two years she headed the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. She began her political career as a freeholder (New Jersey’s equivalent of a county commissioner) on the Somerset County Board of Freeholders.

JANET L. YELLEN (D)
Secretary of the Treasury, 2021-present; Chair, Council of Economic Advisers, 1997-1999
Yellen was the first woman to serve as Secretary of the Treasury. Prior to that, she served as Chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2018 (appointed by President Barack Obama) and Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve from 2010 to 2014. She was appointed by President Bill Clinton as Chair to the Council of Economic Advisers and served in that role from 1997 to 1999. Yellen served was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from 1994 to 1997 and again from 2010 to 2018. In 1977 to 1978, she served as an economist with the Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors. Yellen taught at the Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley.

SHALANDA YOUNG (D)
Director, Office of Management and Budget, 2022-present
Prior to her appointment as director, Young was acting and deputy director from 2021 to 2022. She was the staff director for the U.S. House Committee on Appropriations from 2017 to 2021, serving previously as committee staff.